Journal: Toxicology Reports

Article Title: Genotoxicity risk assessment of a 7-hydroxymitragynine-enriched Kratom preparation: An integrated in silico and in vitro approach

doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2026.102206

Figure Lengend Snippet: Micronucleus test of Kratom leaf extract after 4 h exposure with S9 in TK6 cells. Results are the mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. Statistical testing with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (* p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: The human B lymphoblastoid cell line (TK6) (CRL-8015; batch No. 70045146), purchased from ATCC, was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 % penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques:

Journal: Toxicology Reports

Article Title: Genotoxicity risk assessment of a 7-hydroxymitragynine-enriched Kratom preparation: An integrated in silico and in vitro approach

doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2026.102206

Figure Lengend Snippet: Micronucleus test of Kratom leaf extract after 4 h exposure without S9 in TK6 cells. Results are the mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. Statistical testing with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (* p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: The human B lymphoblastoid cell line (TK6) (CRL-8015; batch No. 70045146), purchased from ATCC, was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 % penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques:

Journal: Toxicology Reports

Article Title: Genotoxicity risk assessment of a 7-hydroxymitragynine-enriched Kratom preparation: An integrated in silico and in vitro approach

doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2026.102206

Figure Lengend Snippet: Micronucleus test of Kratom leaf extract after 24 h exposure without S9 in TK6 cells. Results are the mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. Statistical testing with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (* p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: The human B lymphoblastoid cell line (TK6) (CRL-8015; batch No. 70045146), purchased from ATCC, was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 % penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques:

Journal: IBRO Neuroscience Reports

Article Title: TGF-β1 modulates PFC glial cell activation to facilitate exercise-induced analgesia in mice with spared nerve injury

doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2026.03.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Exercise modulates TGF-β1 expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice 24 days after spared nerve injury (SNI). (a) Representative Western blot images of TGF-β receptor I (TGF-βR1) and TGF-β1 in the PFC. Tissue lysates from all experimental groups (SHAM, SHAME, SNI, SNIE) and recombinant human TGF-β1 (non-reduced and reduced) were loaded on the same SDS–PAGE gel, transferred to a single membrane, and probed with the same TGF-β1 antibody under identical exposure conditions. The recombinant protein (250 ng per lane) served as a positive control to verify the molecular weights of the dimeric (25 kDa) and monomeric (12.5 kDa) forms of TGF-β1. GAPDH was used as the loading control. (b-d) Quantitative Western blot analyses of (b) TGF-βR1, (c) dimeric TGF-β1 (25 kDa), and (d) monomeric TGF-β1 (12.5 kDa) expression levels in tissue lysates. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3). ** P < 0.01 vs. SHAM group; ## P < 0.01 vs. SNI group.

Article Snippet: To validate the specificity of the TGF-β1 antibody, Recombinant human TGF-β1 protein (Catalog # 240-B, R&D Systems, USA) was used as a positive control.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Recombinant, SDS Page, Membrane, Positive Control, Control

Journal: IBRO Neuroscience Reports

Article Title: TGF-β1 modulates PFC glial cell activation to facilitate exercise-induced analgesia in mice with spared nerve injury

doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2026.03.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: At 24 d after SNI, mouse PFC astrocytes were activated and microglia were unchanged. (a)Western blotting analysis of changes in GFAP and Iba1 expression in PFC (n = 3); (b) Quantification of GFAP in PFC; (c) Quantification of Iba1 in PFC; (d) MFI representative images of GFAP in PFC; (e) MFI representative image of Iba1 in PFC; (f) Quantification of GFAP in PFC. Values represent mean ± SEM (Scale bar =75μm, 9 PFC sections from 3 mice per group); (g) Quantification of Iba1 in PFC. Values represent mean ±SEM (Scale bar = 75μm, 9 PFC sections from 3 mice per group). Values represent the mean ±SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, compared with SHAM group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, compared with SNI group, the difference was statistically significant; (h) Representative MFI images of changes in the colocalization of TGF-β1(red) and astrocytes (green) in the PFC; (i) Quantification of TGF-β1 and astrocytes in PFC. Values represent the mean ± SEM (Scale bar =100μm, nine PFC sections from three mice per group). * P < 0.05 versus the SHAM group; # P < 0.05 versus the SNI group.

Article Snippet: To validate the specificity of the TGF-β1 antibody, Recombinant human TGF-β1 protein (Catalog # 240-B, R&D Systems, USA) was used as a positive control.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing

Journal: IBRO Neuroscience Reports

Article Title: TGF-β1 modulates PFC glial cell activation to facilitate exercise-induced analgesia in mice with spared nerve injury

doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2026.03.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: TGF-βRI inhibition reverses exercise-induced analgesia and modulates glial activation in the PFC. (a, b) Time course of mechanical and cold hyperalgesia tests (n = 9). The green shading indicates the duration of the exercise intervention, and the green vertical lines denote the timing of intrathecal injections. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ** P < 0.01 versus the SNIE group, # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 vs. SC group. (c) Representative Western blot images of TGF-βR1 and TGF-β1 in the PFC. Tissue lysates from SC and SA groups and recombinant human TGF-β1 (100 ng per lane) (non-reduced and reduced) were loaded on the same SDS–PAGE gel, transferred to a single membrane, and probed with the same TGF-β1 antibody in a single exposure without splicing. The recombinant protein served as a positive control to verify the molecular weights of the dimeric (25 kDa) and monomeric (12.5 kDa) forms of TGF-β1. GAPDH was used as the loading control. (d-f) Quantitative analysis of (d) TGF-βR1, (e) dimeric TGF-β1 (25 kDa), and (f) monomeric TGF-β1 (12.5 kDa) expression levels (n = 3). (g-i) Western blot analysis of glial markers. (g) Representative images of GFAP and Iba1 with GAPDH control. Quantitative analysis of (h) GFAP and (i) Iba1 expression levels (n = 3). (j, k) Representative immunofluorescence images showing the expression of (j) GFAP and (k) Iba1 in the PFC. Scale bar = 75 μm. (l, m) Quantification of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for (l) GFAP and (m) Iba1 (n = 9 sections from 3 mice per group). Data in bar graphs are presented as mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 vs. SC group. SC: Spared nerve injury with exercise training followed by intrathecal (i.t.) injection of saline; SA: Spared nerve injury with exercise training followed by i.t. injection of the TGF-βRI inhibitor.

Article Snippet: To validate the specificity of the TGF-β1 antibody, Recombinant human TGF-β1 protein (Catalog # 240-B, R&D Systems, USA) was used as a positive control.

Techniques: Inhibition, Activation Assay, Western Blot, Recombinant, SDS Page, Membrane, Positive Control, Control, Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Injection, Saline

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Evaluating mesothelin as an immunotherapeutic target for endogenous T cells

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1853409

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effector functions of MSLN-specific T cells. (A) representative donor data (left panel) and summary results (median ± IQR, n=21; right panel) showing CD8 + /IFNγ + and CD4 + /IFNγ + T cells, as assessed by ICS. (B) representative donor data (left panel) and summary results (median ± IQR; n=21; right panel) showing dual (IFNγ/TNFα)-producing CD4 + and CD8 + MSLN-specific T cells, as assessed by ICS. Box plots show the median and 25th and 75th data quartiles. (C) polyfunctionality of MSLN-specific T cells as measured by FluoroSpot (IFNγ/Granzyme B/TNFα) (n=6). Top panel shows the total frequency (SFC/2x105 cells) of specific T cells for each of the individual effector molecules, while the bottom panel shows the proportion of cells that are single, dual or triple analyte-producing. All data represent biological replicates (i.e. independent donors). TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha; ICS, intracellular cytokine staining; GrB, Granzyme B.

Article Snippet: For the quantitation of polyfunctional cells simultaneously secreting IFNγ, GrB and/or TNFα a commercial FluoroSpot assay was used (Human IFNγ/Granzyme B/TNFα FluoroSpot Plus, Mabtech, Inc.).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: PLOS One

Article Title: Significance of RGS13 expression in lupus B cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0348945

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) B cells were cultured with the vehicle or mixed stimulatory molecules, including the anti-mouse IgM antibody, IL-21, IFN-γ, anti-CD40 antibody, or R848. (B) CD11c levels in unstimulated B cells. (C) Rgs13 and T-bet levels were compared with and without stimulation. (D) Rgs13 and T-bet levels in CD11c + and CD11c − stimulated B cells. (E) ABC proportions in stimulated B cells. ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, and ns (not significant), determined via unpaired (B and E) or paired (C and D) t -test. ABC, age-associated B cell; KO, knockout; MACS, magnetic-activated cell sorting; WT, wild-type. Created in BioRender under a CC BY license, with permission from BioRender. Hiwa, R. (2026) https://BioRender.com/4xpndar .

Article Snippet: B cells were further separated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells via magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS; B Cell Isolation Kit II human; Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Knock-Out, FACS